Fig. 1. LPA signaling pathways. LPA activates G-protein-coupled receptors and initiates various downstream signaling cascades. LPA influences subsequent cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, apoptosis, morphological change, and migration, as well as brain organization within the nervous system.

International Journal of Stem Cells 2020;13:182-91 https://doi.org/10.15283/ijsc20035

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