Fig. 3. Current approaches used for generating vascularized liver organoids. (A) Self-organized liver organoids with vasculature by assembling different cell types derived from multiple cell sources. (B) Two different approaches used for printing liver tissue-like architectures from hepatocytes, fibroblast, and ECs. (C) Illustrations representing the strategies for generating microfluidic device-based liver organoids with perfusable vessels. iPSC: induced pluripotent stem cell, iPSC-HE: iPSC-derived hepatic endoderm, iPSC-EC: iPSC-derived endothelial cell, HUVEC: human umbilical vein endothelial cell, LSEC: liver sinusoidal endothelial cell, MSC: mesenchymal stem cell, HSC: hepatic stellate cell, iPSC-STM: iPSC-derived septum transversum mesenchyme, ECM: extracellular matrix, ULA: ultra-low attachment, GATA6: GATA binding transcription factor 6, PROX1: Prospero homeobox 1, ATF5: activating transcription factor 5, CYP3A4: cytochrome P450 3A4, PHH: primary human hepatocyte, 3D: three dimentional, KC: Kupffer cell, Mф: macrophage.

International Journal of Stem Cells 2023;16:1-15 https://doi.org/10.15283/ijsc22154

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