Fig. 2. Mineralization of DFATs treated with BMP9 and/or LIPUS. (A) Alizarin red S staining. (B) Quantification of Alizarin red S staining. The cells were cultured with BMP9 (0∼100 ng/ml) for 21 days in ODM. LIPUS treated cells were exposed to LIPUS for 20 minutes every day. Intense Alizarin red S staining was observed in DFATs treated with BMP9 concentrations at 100 ng/ml and higher amount of stain was noted by co-treatment with LIPUS. Values are shown as mean±SD (n=4). *p<0.05 vs. LIPUS (-) 100 ng/ml.
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