Comparison of expansion methods
| EPC expansion method | Effectiveness of method |
|---|---|
| 1. High density (26×105 cells/cm2) culture of rat bone marrow cells | Higher levels of marker expression of EPCs Increased release of pro-angiogenic growth factors |
| 2. Microgravity through nitric oxide induced activation of FAK/Erk1/2-MAPK signaling pathway | Facilitated the proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells Enhanced angiogenic properties of EPCs |
| 3. hiPSCs produce CD34＋ EPCs | Positive expression of CD31, high VEGF-A and angiopoietin-1 Regeneration of injured tissue |
| 4. Quality and quantity-control culture of MNCs | Increased the quality and quantity of EPCs Reduces the culture time Improves differentiation of PBMNCs to hematopoietic stem cells |
| 5. Long term culture of rat adipose derived stem cells | Numbers of EPCs increases Expression of VEGFR-2 |
EPC: endothelial progenitor cell, hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells, MNCs: mononuclear cells, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, PBMNCs: peripheral blood MNCs.