Fig. 1. Various modulators involved in revival stem cell (RSC) induction. Several endogenous (niche-associated)- and exogenous (helminth infection, chemical stimuli) signals can activate yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) pathway, a crucial inducer for fetal reprogramming and RSC appearance in intestinal epithelium. Hpb: Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, Th: helper T cell, Tc: cytotoxic T cell, IFN: interferon, TGF: transforming growth factor, PGE₂: prostaglandin E₂, RPPFs: rare pericryptal fibroblasts, IL: interleukin, VPA: valproic acid, EPZ: EPZ6438, RXR: retinoid X receptor, Clu: Clusterin.