Fig. 3. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1)^high expression up-regulated the proliferation of eutopic mesenchymal stem cells (eut-MSCs). (A) colony-forming units (CFUs) of ectopic MSCs (ect-MSCs) following pretreatments by various Tri-DAP concentration gradient (0, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) (n=3). (B, C) Higher expression of NOD1 induced proliferation of eut-MSCs (one representative picture from three patients). The stimulation of Tri-DAP concentration gradient was 0, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml, and 1 μg/m (reproducible for 3 times). (B) A commercial cell enumeration kit (Cell Counting Kit-8, CCK-8) was used to analyze eut-MSCs growth, OD.450 value presented the activity of cells proliferative capacity. (C) Nucleus of cells stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue color) and while proliferation cells were valued by Ki67 staining (green fluorescence). (D) The transcription levels of interleukin (IL)-8 in eut-MSCs (n=5) and ect-MSCs group (n=4).